A US military aircraft disabled a dry bulk carrier in the Gulf of Oman on Saturday 7 November. The ship had visited an Iranian port and ignored warnings, US Central Command said1.

The ship was the Huda, a 24,993 dwt (deadweight tonnage) bulk carrier flagged in St Kitts and Nevis and under Turkish management, according to The Maritime Executive2. UKMTO, the UK naval monitoring office, placed the vessel about 18 nautical miles east of Khor Fakkan in the UAE and said the status of the crew was unknown2.

CENTCOM said the civilian crew "ignored repeated warnings and attempted to violate the naval blockade against Iran multiple times"1. It said a US military aircraft "fired precision munitions at the stern" of the vessel after forces told the crew to abandon targeted spaces1. Video released by the command shows an explosion at the stern2.

The Huda was built in 1999, is 159 metres (521 feet) long and does not appear to be under sanctions, The Maritime Executive reported2. It was the first vessel the US says it has disabled since 10 October, when it struck another bulker, the Ocean Molica, in the Gulf of Oman2.

A bypass hub inside the patrol area

Khor Fakkan sits on the Gulf of Oman coast, outside the Strait of Hormuz. MSC has added the port, and Sohar in Oman, to its Far East to India Shikra loop3. The revised rotation runs Dalian, Tianjin, Qingdao, Shanghai, Ningbo, Nansha, Singapore, Nhava Sheva, Mundra, Khor Fakkan, Sohar and back to Dalian, using 15 containerships of about 14,000 to 24,300 TEU3.

The strike was about 18 nautical miles offshore, outside the strait2.

CENTCOM said it is also setting up a task force to stop advanced weapons and other sanctioned material moving over Iran's land borders and across the Caspian Sea1. It said the blockade has redirected 147 commercial vessels since it restarted in mid-July. Five vessels have been disabled and ten commercial tankers destroyed, and more than $25 billion of Iranian crude exports prevented, it said1, 2.

Six attacks in November and competing accounts

UKMTO reported six confirmed attacks on vessels in the region in the first days of November, after five in the last days of October2. It counts 133 vessels damaged in the region this year and 82 injuries or fatalities2.

Iran publishes its own daily accounts, saying tankers have struck mines in the Strait of Hormuz2. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) navy said two "violating" tankers collided with mines in the eastern sector of the strait and caught fire4. Those statements are separate from UKMTO's confirmed list2.

Hindustan Petroleum is still struggling to book ships, even as more vessels cross Hormuz and supply from the region rises. Its chairman, Vikas Kaushal, said the main challenge has been hiring ships, and that a contracted vessel sometimes withdraws at the last minute5.

What happens next

Diplomacy is running alongside the attacks. Qatar is seeking UN nuclear inspections of Iran's bombed sites. Under its proposal the US would immediately lift the naval blockade and release part of the $8bn of frozen Iranian assets4. Iran would open Hormuz on the second day, using a route agreed with Oman4. Iran has other preconditions, including an end to the war in Lebanon, a US withdrawal from its coastline and some sanctions relief, and it has been wary of admitting UN inspectors4.

Until then, owners and charterers face enforcement risk on both sides of the strait. An analysis published by The Maritime Executive on 3 November said the risk of a resumption of full-scale war "could not be higher than it is now"6. The author said it would stay at that level for the following week6.