On 7 November, a US military aircraft fired precision munitions at the stern of a cargo ship in the Gulf of Oman and disabled it, US Central Command said. CENTCOM said the ship's civilian crew ignored repeated warnings and tried to violate the US naval blockade of Iran several times2.

The vessel is the Huda, a dry bulk carrier of 24,993 deadweight tonnes (dwt), The Maritime Executive reported. The St Kitts and Nevis-flagged ship was built in 1999, is 159 metres long and is under Turkish management. It does not appear to be under sanctions1.

CENTCOM said the ship tried to leave regional waters after calling at an Iranian port. It said US forces told the crew to abandon the targeted spaces before the aircraft fired2, 1. UK Maritime Trade Operations placed the Huda about 18 nautical miles east of Khor Fakkan in the United Arab Emirates, and said the status of the crew was unknown1.

Enforcement widens

It was the first vessel the US has reported disabling since 10 October, when it struck the bulker Ocean Molica in the Gulf of Oman1. CENTCOM said it has redirected 147 commercial vessels since restarting the blockade in mid-July, has disabled five and has destroyed 10 tankers that supported Iran's oil trade1.

CENTCOM also said it is setting up a task force to stop shipments of advanced weapons and other sanctioned material over Iran's land borders and through the Caspian Sea. It estimated that the naval blockade has prevented Iran from exporting more than $25 billion in crude oil2.

The strike came in a violent month for shipping in the region. UKMTO reported six confirmed attacks in the first days of November and five in the last days of October. It counts 133 vessels damaged in the region this year and 82 injuries or fatalities1. President Donald Trump has been threatening a new offensive against Iran, and Tehran has threatened broad retaliation against Gulf infrastructure2.

The IMO Council condemned attacks on merchant shipping in the Red Sea and Black Sea, and mourned the 25th seafarer killed since the Strait of Hormuz conflict began4.

A reopening plan, still unsigned

Qatar, the lead mediator in the US-Iran conflict, is trying to persuade Tehran to admit UN nuclear inspectors to Iran's bombed nuclear sites. Under the proposal, the US would immediately lift the naval blockade and release a portion of $8bn of frozen Iranian assets. Iran would open the Strait of Hormuz on the second day, using a route it has negotiated with Oman that the two would lodge jointly with the IMO, the Guardian reported3.

Iran has other preconditions, including an end to the war in Lebanon, a US withdrawal from Iran's coastline and war reparations3. The plan is a proposal, not a deal.

About 10.23 million barrels a day of Gulf crude passed through the strait in October. About 42% of it went to China and 13% to India, according to Kpler data cited by the Guardian3. Brent spot crude was $107.03 a barrel on 3 November, down 13.1% from a week earlier5.

What is not confirmed

The Huda's cargo has not been disclosed. Neither Reuters nor The Maritime Executive reported whether any of the crew were hurt, and neither reported an Iranian response to the strike2, 1. There is no confirmation that the vessel's manager or owner had any link to Iran beyond the port call.

Dry bulk is already crowded around the region, including outside the strait. On 28 October, 265 dry bulk vessels were waiting at 29 selected Middle East ports, led by Fujairah with 74 and Sohar with 50, according to The Signal Group. Regional waiting was running 75% above the same period last year6.